{"id":145,"date":"2025-03-12T22:37:56","date_gmt":"2025-03-13T03:37:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pcdiyhub.com\/?page_id=145"},"modified":"2025-03-12T23:15:17","modified_gmt":"2025-03-13T04:15:17","slug":"storage-hdd-ssd-m-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/pcdiyhub.com\/?page_id=145","title":{"rendered":"Hard Disk (HDD, SSD, M.2)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Storage is a crucial component of a PC, responsible for storing data and the operating system. It primarily includes <strong>mechanical hard drives (HDDs)<\/strong> and <strong>solid-state drives (SSDs)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_74 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/pcdiyhub.com\/?page_id=145\/#1_Mechanical_Hard_Drive_HDD_%E2%80%93_Hard_Disk_Drive\" >(1) Mechanical Hard Drive (HDD &#8211; Hard Disk Drive)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/pcdiyhub.com\/?page_id=145\/#%E2%91%A0_Structure\" >\u2460 Structure<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/pcdiyhub.com\/?page_id=145\/#%E2%91%A1_Working_Principle\" >\u2461 Working Principle<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/pcdiyhub.com\/?page_id=145\/#%E2%91%A2_Classification\" >\u2462 Classification<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/pcdiyhub.com\/?page_id=145\/#%E2%91%A3_Classification_Reasons\" >\u2463 Classification Reasons<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/pcdiyhub.com\/?page_id=145\/#2_Solid-State_Drive_SSD_%E2%80%93_Solid_State_Drive\" >(2) Solid-State Drive (SSD &#8211; Solid State Drive)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/pcdiyhub.com\/?page_id=145\/#%E2%91%A0_Structure-2\" >\u2460 Structure<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/pcdiyhub.com\/?page_id=145\/#%E2%91%A1_Working_Principle-2\" >\u2461 Working Principle<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/pcdiyhub.com\/?page_id=145\/#%E2%91%A2_Classification-2\" >\u2462 Classification<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/pcdiyhub.com\/?page_id=145\/#%E2%91%A3_Classification_Reasons-2\" >\u2463 Classification Reasons<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Mechanical_Hard_Drive_HDD_%E2%80%93_Hard_Disk_Drive\"><\/span><strong>(1) Mechanical Hard Drive (HDD &#8211; Hard Disk Drive)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%91%A0_Structure\"><\/span><strong>\u2460 Structure<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>HDDs consist of the following components:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Platters<\/strong>: Rotating disks coated with a magnetic material where data is stored.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Read\/Write Heads<\/strong>: Components that read and write data on the platters.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Spindle Motor<\/strong>: Rotates the platters at high speeds (typically 5400 RPM or 7200 RPM).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Actuator Arm<\/strong>: Moves the read\/write heads to different locations on the platters.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Controller Board<\/strong>: Manages data access and controls motor functions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%91%A1_Working_Principle\"><\/span><strong>\u2461 Working Principle<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The platters <strong>spin<\/strong> at high speeds while the read\/write heads move across them to locate and access data.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Data is stored and retrieved as <strong>magnetic signals<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%91%A2_Classification\"><\/span><strong>\u2462 Classification<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th><strong>Type<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Speed (RPM)<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Usage<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>5400 RPM<\/strong><\/td><td>Low power, slower speed<\/td><td>Laptops, low-power storage<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>7200 RPM<\/strong><\/td><td>Standard speed<\/td><td>Desktops, general storage<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>10,000+ RPM (Enterprise-level)<\/strong><\/td><td>High speed<\/td><td>Servers, data centers<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%91%A3_Classification_Reasons\"><\/span><strong>\u2463 Classification Reasons<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Higher RPM results in faster data access, but also increases power consumption and noise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"658\" src=\"https:\/\/pcdiyhub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/hdd_vs_ssd_bz-1024x658.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-146\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pcdiyhub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/hdd_vs_ssd_bz-1024x658.png 1024w, https:\/\/pcdiyhub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/hdd_vs_ssd_bz-300x193.png 300w, https:\/\/pcdiyhub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/hdd_vs_ssd_bz-768x494.png 768w, https:\/\/pcdiyhub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/hdd_vs_ssd_bz.png 1448w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Solid-State_Drive_SSD_%E2%80%93_Solid_State_Drive\"><\/span><strong>(2) Solid-State Drive (SSD &#8211; Solid State Drive)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%91%A0_Structure-2\"><\/span><strong>\u2460 Structure<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>NAND Flash Memory<\/strong>: Stores data electronically instead of magnetically.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Controller Chip<\/strong>: Manages read\/write operations, error correction (ECC), and garbage collection (GC).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>DRAM Cache (on some SSDs)<\/strong>: Improves speed and reduces latency.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%91%A1_Working_Principle-2\"><\/span><strong>\u2461 Working Principle<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>SSDs use <strong>electronic signals<\/strong> to read and write data, eliminating mechanical parts. This results in much faster speeds and higher durability.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/pcdiyhub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/SSD-SANDISK-1024x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-150\" style=\"width:436px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pcdiyhub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/SSD-SANDISK-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/pcdiyhub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/SSD-SANDISK-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/pcdiyhub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/SSD-SANDISK-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/pcdiyhub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/SSD-SANDISK-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/pcdiyhub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/SSD-SANDISK.png 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%91%A2_Classification-2\"><\/span><strong>\u2462 Classification<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th><strong>Type<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Interface<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Speed<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Usage<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>SATA SSD<\/strong><\/td><td>SATA 3.0<\/td><td>500-600 MB\/s<\/td><td>General storage upgrade<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>NVMe SSD (M.2)<\/strong><\/td><td>PCIe 3.0\/4.0\/5.0<\/td><td>3500-14000 MB\/s<\/td><td>High-speed gaming, professional computing<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%91%A3_Classification_Reasons-2\"><\/span><strong>\u2463 Classification Reasons<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Interface determines speed<\/strong>: SATA is limited to 600MB\/s, whereas PCIe 5.0 can reach 14,000MB\/s.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>NAND technology affects lifespan and performance<\/strong> (SLC &gt; MLC &gt; TLC &gt; QLC).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"339\" src=\"https:\/\/pcdiyhub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ca-980-nvme-m2-ssd-378823-mz-v8v500b-am-401115978-1-1024x339.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-148\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pcdiyhub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ca-980-nvme-m2-ssd-378823-mz-v8v500b-am-401115978-1-1024x339.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pcdiyhub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ca-980-nvme-m2-ssd-378823-mz-v8v500b-am-401115978-1-300x99.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pcdiyhub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ca-980-nvme-m2-ssd-378823-mz-v8v500b-am-401115978-1-768x254.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pcdiyhub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ca-980-nvme-m2-ssd-378823-mz-v8v500b-am-401115978-1-1536x508.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/pcdiyhub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/ca-980-nvme-m2-ssd-378823-mz-v8v500b-am-401115978-1-2048x678.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Storage is a crucial component of a PC, responsible for storing data and the operating system. It primarily includes mechanical hard drives (HDDs) and solid-state drives (SSDs). (1) Mechanical Hard Drive (HDD &#8211; Hard Disk Drive) \u2460 Structure HDDs consist of the following components: \u2461 Working Principle \u2462 Classification Type Speed (RPM) Usage 5400 RPM&#8230;<\/p>\n<p class=\"more-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pcdiyhub.com\/?page_id=145\" class=\"themebutton3\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-145","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pcdiyhub.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/145","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pcdiyhub.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pcdiyhub.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pcdiyhub.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pcdiyhub.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=145"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/pcdiyhub.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/145\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":173,"href":"https:\/\/pcdiyhub.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/145\/revisions\/173"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pcdiyhub.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=145"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}